Sino-Namari vocabulary

A significant portion of Namari vocabulary originates from Chinese. These borrowings form the Sino-Namari vocabulary.

Note: The subpages of this article are out of date.

Characters by radical
The radicals listed are the radicals as used by Unicode, itself based on the 214 Kangxi radicals.

Characters by reading
Note that り and を do not have their own pages. This is because を is no longer used in Namari and only names and very recent loanwords have り.

Middle Chinese to Sino-Namari correlations
Initials:

General outcome of Middle Chinese initials in Sino-Namari:

Traditional Sino-Namari initials (in hiragana; note that the second kana is meant to be small, but the traditional texts use full-sized kana):

A Sino-Namari final is composed of three components: the glide, the nucleus, and the coda. Whether a final is monomoraic or bimoraic is dependent on the existence of a coda (which may be a glide, a nasal or a stop). The initial glide does not contribute to the length of the Sino-Namari word (and, of course, the nucleus is obligatory).

The initial glide can be: Of the three glides, only the palatal survives into the modern language; the labiopalatal has merged with the palatal, and the labial has disappeared except after a velar consonant, in which case the two combine to form a labial in many dialects (some other dialects unconditionally lose the labial glide).
 * Null (あ, か)
 * Palatal (や, きや)
 * Labial (わ, くわ)
 * Labiopalatal (ゐや, くや)

In some cases (namely, with -wi-), the glide becomes the nucleus and the former nucleus becomes the coda. Traditionally, this occurs after every initial except the velars and laryngeals.

The coda is one of the following: The glide codas may originate from final -ŋ or -wŋ. Codas originating from velar nasals have special properties with regards to compounding and declension:
 * A glide い or う
 * A nasal ぬ or む
 * A stop く, つ or ふ
 * In compounds, the word always induces rendaku except where prohibited by Lyman's Law.
 * In declension, the word declines as a first declension noun, but with rendaku affecting the non-focus comitative and ablative forms (-do and -gaya respectively; the focus forms do not undergo rendaku due to Lyman's Law).

The coda ふ has since evolved to う in Modern Namari, although words which had ふ still behave as third declension nouns with a -p- stem, albeit with irregular nominative (-i instead of -pi), short vocative (-u instead of -pu) and topic (-ha instead of -pa) forms.

The following table lists the possible Sino-Namari finals: